Environmentally friendly — the future trend cars

“Jakarta is the third most polluted city in the world, after Mexico City and Panama. And vehicle emissions account for 80 percent of the pollution,” Jakarta Governor Sutiyoso said last year.

People living and working in Jakarta have to pay dearly for this pollution. Research indicates that the health cost of Jakarta’s air pollution was estimated at US$220 million in 1999, and the amount has been increasing in line with the increase in the number of vehicles traversing the capital every day.

Ari Muhammad of Swisscontact, an agency concerned with air pollution, said that air pollutants contained in the exhaust gases from motorized vehicles include carbon monoxide (CO), various hydrocarbon compounds, various nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur (SOx) and lead (Pb).

“Carbon monoxide can block the supply of oxygen to body tissues. Besides, it can affect the work of the heart, the central nervous system and all other body organs sensitive to oxygen deficiency,” he said.

Both public transportation vehicles and private cars are to be blamed for the air pollution.

“We usually assume that it is the pitch black smoke emitted by the exhaust pipes of city buses that is hazardous, but in fact the great danger comes from the white smoke emitted by our own private cars,” he added.

The Jakarta administration has made several efforts to improve the cleanliness of the capital’s air.

Last year, the administration issued Bylaw No. 2/2005 on air pollution control, which among other things obliges all private car owners to carry out emissions tests on their vehicles twice a year and public transportation vehicles to use natural gas. Yet, the administration is still facing several obstacles to fully implement the regulation, including the lack of equipment for public transportation vehicles to switch from oil-based fuel to natural gas.

The government has also tried to push the local automotive industry to apply environmentally friendly technology in their products.

In 2003, the state minister for the environment issued Decree No. 41/2003 on the emission threshold for exhaust gases of new motorized vehicles and motorized vehicles under production. The decree requires car manufacturers to apply technology based on the Euro-2 standard in the case of exhaust emissions.

“Under the ministerial decree, new-type cars produced since early 2005 must have all passed an emission test based on the Euro-2 standard. Meanwhile, old-type automobiles that are reproduced will be given a chance to conform to this standard up to January 2007,” Didin Khaeruddin, an official at the State Ministry for the Environment, said.

A motorized vehicle fulfills the Euro-2 standard if the exhaust gases contain a maximum of 4.0 grams of CO per kilometer (g/km) and a maximum of 0.6 g/km of HC + NOx.

Indeed, Europe is the pioneer in pushing the automotive industry to apply environmentally friendly technology.

It started introducing exhaust emission standards in the late 1980s. In 1992, it introduced the Euro-1 standard that limited the amount of CO content in the exhaust of motorized vehicles to 4.9 g/km and HC content to 1,23 g/km, NOx content to 9 g/km and particles to 0.4 g/km.

The standard was effective for three years and was later replaced with the Euro-2 standard, which further cut down the CO, HC, NOx and particle contents. Now, Europe is applying the Euro-4 standard that limits emissions to 1.5 g/km CO, 0.46 g/km HC, 3.5 g/km NOx and 0.02 g/km particles

Many countries have followed in the footsteps of Europe and have applied similar emission standards.

The tighter emission standards have encouraged the world’s automotive industry to produce cars with more environmentally friendly technology. One such product is the hybrid cars. A hybrid car features a small fuel-efficient gas engine combined with an electric motor that assists the engine when accelerating. The electric motor is powered by batteries that recharge automatically while people drive. Hybrid cars are better for the environment as they can reduce smog by 90 percent and they use far less gasoline than conventional cars.

Automobiles of this type have been mass-produced by nearly all carmakers, particularly those from Japan. The Toyota Prius, Camry and Land Cruiser of the FCHC type are some examples.

Chairman of the Indonesian Association of Indonesian Automotive Manufacturers (Gaikindo), Bambang Trisulo, said that the environment and energy were hot topics of discussion in the international automotive industry.

“In Asia, an awareness has also developed about the use of clean energy, although there are still some constraints in respect of regulations and implementation,” he noted.

According to Bambang, Indonesia’s automakers are now ready to produce motorized vehicles that meet the Euro-2 standard. Yet, they face an obstacle in the fact the type of fuel suitable for such vehicles is not yet widely available on the domestic market.

“We hope that unleaded fuel can be supplied to all regions so that it will always be easily available to users of these motorized vehicles,” Bambang said.

As the unleaded gasoline that is suitable for vehicles using the Euro-2 standard is still in short supply, the ministerial decree on emission thresholds for new-type motorized vehicles and motorized vehicles under production cannot be properly enforced.

Late last year, PT General Motors Indonesia launched New Aveo. Company sales and marketing director Antonio Zara said the car was yet to meet the Euro-2 standard. One of the considerations for the firm in deciding to launch the car was the availability of the right fuel for the car.

“The Euro-2 standard requires a car to use a catalytic converter. This instrument necessitates the use of unleaded fuel,” he said during the launch of New Aveo in Jakarta.

He said unleaded gasoline was yet to be evenly distributed throughout Indonesia.

Zara maintained that the car does not violate the regulation that requires that the Euro-2 standard be applied to new cars. “The New Aveo is not an entirely new car. It is an old type that has undergone some minor changes. So it is not compulsory for the car to meet the Euro-2 standard,” he said.

While the production of vehicles that meet the Euro-2 standard still faces problems, Jakarta’s 2005 bylaw on air pollution control has apparently improved public awareness about the emission of exhaust gases from private cars. Carmakers now run their own emission test facilities.

Sutrisno Lesmono, general manager of after-sales service and spare parts at PT Nissan Motor Indonesia, said that as of November 2005, Nissan workshops had officially provided an emission test service for owners of Nissan cars and other makes. “We are applying a tighter standard than what the regional administration has set. For example, our CO content standard is 1-2 percent, far below the regional administration’s standard of 4 percent,” he said, adding that a car was no longer environmentally friendly with a CO content of 4 percent in its emissions.

Didin is pleased with carmakers’ efforts to help keep the environment clean.

“Now that an emission test is compulsory, the public, hopefully, can become more aware of the danger posed by exhaust gas emissions,” he said.

To ensure that the regulation that uses the Euro-2 standard as its reference will not simply collect dust, Didin hopes that relevant government agencies will encourage greater distribution of unleaded fuel. “January 2007 is close at hand. Make sure that the effort to reduce air pollution is not constrained by the availability of the right fuel,” he said. [Asep Saefullah]

PSTED BY ASEP SAEFULLAH

The Power of A Bedtime Chat

Empowering rural women is a good way to preserve the area’s forests

Yusuf doesn’t put on airs when he visits the villagers in the collection of hamlets bordering the area’s conservation forest. Because of his simple, down-to-earth manner, officials from the Forestry and Plantation District Office of Central Lampung are always welcome in Sendang Baru village. As the district head of forest-area management, Yusuf will happily travel for three hours along bumpy, pot-holed roads to speak to communities living around the forest. Often he spends the night in these villages to see old friends and track the community’s progress in conserving the forests.

By keeping up a harmonious relationship with the Sendang Baru villagers and guiding them in agricultural programmes, Yusuf has succeeded in eliminating the typical conflicts that occur between the local government and communities in other forest areas in Indonesia. He has also persuaded the community to conserve the forests they live in. Masri, a villager from Sendang Baru, admits he was formerly involved in illegal logging until he joined the district’s agricultural programme. Since then, he says, members of the community have caught loggers several times and taken them to the Forestry Police. “The forest earns us a living, so whoever conducts illegal logging will be caught,” he said.

The Central Lampung forest, at around 450,000 acres, makes up only a tenth of the total area in the regency. “That number is still far from that required by the 1999 Forestry Law, which stipulates that 30 percent of the whole area should be covered in vegetation. Therefore, after we succeed in preserving the existing forests, we will expand them,” Yusuf said.

Watala (an environmental conservation organisation), the Forestry and Plantation District Office helps village communities grow non-timber forest products without destroying the land they live in. Villagers are encouraged to organise themselves into farmer groups and are trained in a range of skills – from crop cultivation and animal husbandry, to managerial and basic accounting skills. A former head of the District Forestry Office, Isyanto, said the cooperation between the regional agency and Watala came about because of necessity. “We still lack experience and knowledge or managerial and proposal writing skills. Therefore, Watala’s role is very important in the facilitation of programmes for this forest area,” Isyanto said.

He believes efforts to foster cooperation among stakeholders on forestry issues has proven successful. “If we did not collaborate with Watala, the trees in Sendang Baru forest would likely all be gone by now.”

Firman Seponada, working for Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (Walhi) Lampung said the model of collaboration between the government and NGOs in managing the forests in Central Lampung regency is one that other regencies should follow. “In terms of environmental problems, when people and the government are in conflict, then an NGO should be present to find a solution,” he said.

In Sendang Baru, Watala and Forestry and Plantation District Office guide two women and four male farmer groups. Taking advantage of existing agricultural businesses in the area, they train the farmers to make the best use out of the traditional crops and livestock they grow. The programme also introduced them to new sources of income. The involvement of women is important, Yusuf says. “Women often express their ideas to the men, who unfortunately are still felling trees in the forest. “If we told the men directly that we must conserve the forest, it would be less effective. Instead, we explain the situation to their wives, who then talk to the men – we’ve found this strategy to be more effective,” Yusuf said.

Women are also good at organising and managing, he said. With more spare time than the men working out in the fields, they can be trained to manage the produce grown in the village plantations, he said. Sri Banon, the head of the women’s Farmer Group – Wanita Tani Lestari Organisation, said the training from the Forestry and Plantation District Office has increased families’ income. “We were trained how to make banana crackers, coconut sugar, and coffee powder. Now all of my family’s needs can be fulfilled,” she said. “With our current income, there is no need to fell trees and take the risk of being jailed.” While the women in the women’s farmer group manage the cultivation of semi-processed products, another group is involved in fisheries and goat rearing as well as banana cultivation. All the groups are trained in financial management, Yusuf said. “If they need money urgently – for their children’s books or school fees, then they can borrow from the collective.”

It has been relatively easy to find markets for the farmer’s products. The bananas from Sendang Baru village are now being sent to Muara Angke and Bintaro in Jakarta. Since the development programmes began, production has increased to around three tonnes a week. Muhammad Kubar, the second assistant for Economy and Development in the Central Lampung regency government, said the existence of new income sources has led to a decrease in deforestation in the project areas. Forest destruction has always been caused by economic factors, he said. Either because poor communities cleared the forests to survive, or because interests that are more powerful wanted to make quick money, he said. “Those destroying the forest to survive are usually people who live in or around the forest. The only way to cope with this problem is to improve people’s welfare.”

Zubair also said the involvement of women in the forest conservation programme is essential. The image of a rural woman playing servant to her husband is outdated, he said. Wives have plenty of power over their husbands, and they know how to use it. “In fact, women often forbid their husbands to fell trees in the forests in the chit-chat they have before going to bed.” **

POSTED BY ASEP SAEFULLAH

Treatment at home brings peace of mind

“You don’t wear glasses anymore?” This is a question that Apung, a young professional, was often asked by friends, and he always gave the same brief reply, “Thanks to laser treatment.”

Apung had his treatment a decade ago. Today the laser treatment that Muhammad Nurrahmansyah, nicknamed Apung, refers to is better known as “Lasik”, which stands for “Laser-In-Situ Keratomileusis” and has gained great popularity. This is a procedure that several hospitals in Jakarta and other major cities in Indonesia offer to improve one’s eyesight using cold laser radiation. With Lasik, poor eyesight can be improved so that one no longer needs to wear glasses, no matter whether far-sighted or near-sighted. Some people are uncomfortable wearing glasses, with only a few believing they are more attractive when wearing glasses.

Aryani also enjoys the great benefits of Lasik. A housewife living in Jakarta, she is grateful that she no longer needs to wear glasses. “Many of my friends were surprised to see me after I had Lasik treatment because they were used to seeing me wear thick glasses,” said Aryani, who had Lasik treatment seven years ago. Besides Apung and Aryani, many executives and celebrities have been able to abandon their glasses thanks to Lasik. Robby Tumewu, Helmi Yahya, Sarah Sechan, Rio Febrian and Nurul Arifin are but a few in this group.

Lasik first became known in Indonesia in the early 1990s. In Jakarta there are many places where you can have Lasik treatment done, such as the Jakarta Eye Center, Laser Sight Center and Nusantara Eye Clinic. Using sophisticated equipment, these clinics promise that they can identify, measure and correct eye problems accurately. A patient can have painless laser treatment in a very short time as an outpatient.

At the Jakarta Eye Center, Lasik is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a flap (thin layer) in the cornea is made using laser rays. In the second stage, this flap is removed and laser rays are beamed onto the inner part of the cornea so that a new cornea surface forms. After this is done, the flap is returned to its original position and in three minutes it will automatically stick to the cornea, therefore requiring no stitching. “Lasik is painless and takes only a very short time,” said Aryani, who had Lasik done on her eyes at Jakarta Eye Center.

Anybody aged 18 years upwards may have Lasik with the exception of pregnant women or breast-feeding mothers. Prior to having Lasik, a patient must do away with his or her soft contact lenses for 14 days or hard contact lens for 30 days at a stretch.

For both eyes, Lasik takes less than 20 minutes. However, in such a brief span of time, a doctor must make a lot of very important decisions. That’s why it is wise to always entrust your Lasik treatment to an experienced eye health service center with complete facilities and reliable as well as experienced doctors.

Various providers of Lasik treatment in Indonesia use the latest technology. Allegretto Wave Eye-Q, which is claimed to be the world’s fastest Lasik machine, is used by the Jakarta Eye Center. Meanwhile, the Laser Sight Center Indonesia uses technology from Bausch & Lomb, a German company specifically producing all its own wavefront analyzer systems so that it can offer an integrated system called ZyOptix.

Dr. Sjakon G. Tahija, president director of PT Austindo Nusantara Jaya (ANJ) Healthcare Services Division, said that Nusantara Eye Clinic uses VISX Lasik technology with a VISX Star S4 Excimer Laser System and the WaveScan Wavefront System.

The latest technology used by various providers of Lasik treatment leads to a high level of public confidence. Nurul Arifin entrusted her eyesight to the Laser Sight Center Indonesia at Mal Kelapa Gading in North Jakarta while Apung and Aryani had their Lasik treatment at the Jakarta Eye Center.

Anyone wanting Lasik treatment so that they can throw away their glasses must be ready to dig deep into their pockets. In Indonesia, it costs between Rp 8 million and dozens of millions of rupiah to have Lasik done on one eye. The fee depends on the result of your doctor’s analysis of your eye problems requiring a Lasik solution.

High fees aside, it is obvious that many hospitals in Indonesia continue to improve their medical capability and technologies in an effort to provide health care services to the people in the middle to upper-class, who usually go overseas for medical treatment. Aside from Lasik, a service now available in many places in Indonesia, heart and stroke patients as well as patients with other internal organ disorders can enjoy speedy and easy help for their ailments.

Harapan Kita Hospital in Jakarta, for example, has a German-made Multi Slice CT Scan. Costing about euro 1 million, this instrument can speedily and accurately detect any damage in the internal organs.

The scan gives results of high accuracy because it can view the internal part of an organ up to 16 slices. Before being scanned, a patient is given an injection of a contrast substance so that the organs to be examined can be clearly viewed on the monitor. The patient lies down for the scan, which is painless. A scan of 16 slices of a particular organ enables the doctor to accurately diagnose a patient’s condition. In addition, the possibility of a future stroke can also be detected as the scanner can examine carefully the condition of a patient’s blood vessels.

The latest and sophisticated technology in CT Scan with 64 slices is also available at Medistra Hospital, Jakarta. With this machine, a doctor can view a person’s coronary heart blood vessels in a non-invasive manner (without using heart catheterization). Indonesians commonly go abroad for scans of this caliber, which can detect plaque (of cholesterol) that causes arteriosclerosis.

In Jakarta, a Multi-Slice CT Scan examination costs between Rp 500,000 and Rp 6 million. In Malaysia the cost ranges from Rp 5 million to Rp 16 million. Meanwhile, at the Singapore Heart, Stroke & Cancer center the cost ranges from S$5,000 to S$7,000.

Now that hi-tech medical equipment is available in Indonesia, there is no further need to travel abroad for medical treatment because there is sophisticated technology here. Traveling abroad for medical treatment entails a great outlay of money to cover the cost of treatment and accommodation, plus you may not enjoy the peace of mind that you may have when undergoing medical treatment at home. It is this factor that has become an opportunity for many hospitals to cash in on in providing services to patients who usually go abroad for medical treatment.[Asep Saefullah]

The Jakarta Post, Supplement – May 30, 2006

Posted by ASEP SAEFULLAH

When the Dahlia Blooms at the Forest of Rubber Plant

Dahlia is a name of flower that most women around the world familiarly know and even adore. In an upstream village in Sumatra Island, Indonesia, women make use of “Dahlia” to name a micro credit institution that they manage collectively to support their own daily needs.

Like a flower, the Dahlia micro credit institution— the Independent Community Organization (KSM) Dahlia to be precise— also grew out of a tiny seed. It began when the Indonesia Conservancy Community (KKI) Warsi, a non-government organization (NGO) working on environment conservancy, was implementing its program among the villagers of Lubuk Beringin Village, Jambi Province. From Jakarta, the Capital City of Indonesia, it takes an hour of trip by airplane and about some more five hours of land cruise on rugged country roads through a chain of dense forest of rubber plants.

KKI Warsi itself is the board of Sumatra Sustainable Support (SSS), a community foundation (CF) that later on advocates the forest farmers of Lubuk Beringin, taking over KKI Warsi’s role in the past. Through an Integrated Conservancy Development Project of Kerinci Seblat National Park (ICDP TNKS) from 1990 to 2002, KKI Warsi advocated the forest villagers— females and males— to empower and develop the village institution to improve the villagers’ economy and to manage the natural sources in sustainable way.

KKI Warsi facilitated the women, all of them are Muslims, to have a meeting on Fridays. They began with religious learning, and then went on with a lottery with equal share from every member who took turn to become the winner of the lottery. “The activity in August 2000,” recalled Rudy Syaf, KKI Warsi’s advisor.

At every meeting, each Dahlia woman is obliged to submit IDR 2,000— IDR 1,000 for lottery share and the other IDR 1,000 to be collected for the needs to support the religious learning. In the long run the women eventually managed to develop a credit union that they had been longing for. They began with collecting private funds of IDR 6,000 a person— IDR 5,000 as main share and IDR 1,000 as monthly saving.

“By mid 2001 the members of the group could demand a credit at most IDR 100,000 that they should pay off within 10 months,” said Nur Asiah, chairwoman of Dahlia.

Nur Asiah and her fellow women of Dahlia can wear a broader smile now. Since they have a credit union to support their own need, they can find a new source of finance which is quite easily for them to access, especially when they are faced with unexpected expenses.

Things had been quite different from the time when Dahlia was not yet established. In the past the forest farmers depended on traders of rubber, some still do, for money for the traders’ advantages. “But now we can find alternative financial resource, thanks to the credit union. Sure, we’re glad to see the credit union develops well, considering the fact that the idea sprung casually among us the women when we were doing the laundry at the stream,” said Nur Asiah.

Dahlia is now improving every aspects of its capacity to become a cooperative with a more powerful legal status. While the process is on its way, the village farmers develop a credit union where the members can have some loans, run a rental of items that people need when they have party, home industry of handy crafts, and productive gardens. Each year Dahlia holds an annual meeting of members, the highest council and a forum where the members distribute the net profit among them.

“We distribute some portions of the net profit among our members, spend some others for new investment, and save the rests for the village for conservancy operation cost. We always persuade our fellow villagers to give more care for the environment,” said Muhammad Jufrie, a facilitator for Dahlia and an agent of the village administration.

Lubuk Beringin is an independent village and the villagers find supplies of their livelihood from the surrounding natural resources. They mostly make th eir livings from the rubber plants which grow lavishly at the vast forestland around them. They also have a power plant of micro hydro that they build at a river nearby. “If the environment is destroyed, the forest degraded, we won’t be able to see the turbine going round anymore, and what we’ll find is that we’ll live in the dark,” said Jufrie.

Dahlia now owns total asset of IDR 200 millions. What is more, it has also developed to become a backbone of the village’s economy. But the villagers do not want to stop and get satisfied with what the have achieved. “We’re still keep trying to find ways to sell the raw rubber directly to the factories so as that we can have better values and cut short the complicated distribution chain,” said Nur Asiah.

Like a flower, Dahlia from the dense forest of rubber plant at Lubuk Beringin has now been growing full bloom.***

BY ASEP SAEFULLAH

Rinjani community push for forest regulations

Bali is one of the world’s most famous tourism destinations, and yet the island’s prosperity hardly touches many other parts of the archipelago, including nearby Lombok Island.

Lombok in West Nusa Tenggara is an emerging tourist resort itself, but has long faced the problem of poverty among its population — whose livelihoods largely depend on forest resources.

Most state-owned forest areas in Lombok, however, especially those in areas surrounding Mount Rinjani (which was officially declared a national park with its rich natural resources), are being continuously damaged.

“Mount Rinjani supplies water for agricultural and other crucial purposes to the entire Lombok population,” said Rahmat Satibi, director of the Consortium for Study and Participation Development (Konsepsi), a local NGO which promotes Community Forestry Programs (HKm) in West Nusa Tenggara.

According to Konsepsi, deforestation endangers the livelihoods of Lombok’s residents, especially poor farmers who live off forest resources.

Rahmat said forest degradation in Lombok was getting worse every day.

“Most people live in poverty and they only have a tiny piece of land. This has forced them to find more land, including in forests near their villages,” he said.

The big problem in Lombok is deciding whether to protect forests while neglecting the fate of poor farmers, or to let the farmers freely exploit forest resources.

The government’s recent move to introduce a community forestry program came at the right time. The program, which allows farmers to take part in developing forest areas and harvest non-timber forest products, has seen a great deal of support.

The Community Forestry approach was first initiated in 1997 in the province, particularly in Central and West Lombok districts. In West Lombok district, the program has been implemented in Santong and Sesaot villages.

“We have timber well guarded within the forest and residents can harvest non-timber products, mostly short-lived plants which they grow under or between trees,” said Abidin Tuarita, a facilitator of the Community Forest Program at Santong village.

While waiting for timber trees to grow, members of the program plant non-timber forest products like coffee, cocoa, durian, vanilla, arica nut and bananas.

Santong village is now well known as a producer of good quality coffee beans and cacao.

“Traders from Bali and Java (two islands immediately to the west of Lombok) come to this village with trucks to collect non-timber forest commodities,” said resident Aswadi.

Non-timber forest products not only bring economic benefits to farmers, but also have a strategic role in slowing the villagers’ encroachment into forest areas, and thus helping to conserve the environment.

By making use of non-timber forest products, farmers have avoided removing trees carelessly.

“Vanilla grows by entwining their stems upward along tree trunks. When people cut trees down, their hopes of harvesting vanilla go up in smoke,” he explained.

L. Syaiful Arifin of West Lombok district’s Forestry and Plantation Office said the Community Forestry Program was a “compromise” where two contradictory purposes — to ensure forest conservation on the one hand, and on the other to help forest farmers prosper — could be negotiated fairly.

“The government scarcely has enough human resources to guard the forests, so the Community Forestry Program is an ideal format to manage people’s participation in forest development,” he said.

However, the sustainable forest program has not yet been met with regulations favoring farmers, and consequently they are still hoping for legal grounds for their engagement in forest management.

“A permit for forest management would allow us to become wholeheartedly involved in developing forest areas and prevent us from violating the law.

“It would also clarify farmers’ rights and responsibilities,” said Artim, a member of Maju Bersama farmers’ cooperative unit which was established to empower Santong villagers.

The only legal standpoint farmers have for their involvement in the program is the 1999 Forestry Law. The problem remains, however, that regulations related to this law tend to be biased, if not contradictory.

For this reason, Rahmat said, the group has requested the local Forestry and Plantation Office, legislative council members and NGOs get together to produce a regulation on community forestry for the benefit of forest farmers.

Apart from this regulation, he said, partnership with the program’s stakeholders would also play an important role in producing a better set of forestry regulations.

Several local regulations on community forestry were issued by West Nusa Tenggara province, however, they are still inadequate, Rahmat said.

“The government needs take a serious approach to preparing good forest governance,” said Dwi Sudarsoni, director of the Nusa Tenggara Community Foundation that actively provides support for the sustainable management of natural resources.

“In the end, this will lead the farmers toward prosperity.”

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/09/16/rinjani-community-push-forest-regulations.html

by ASSEP SAEFULLAH

PENTING BANGEDZZ..!!!

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Hal yang kudu kamu perhatikan adalah:
1. Penampilan
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2. Sikap
Tunjukn sikap terbaik kamu kepada dia agar dia tau klao kamu cocok jadi DOI dia.Tapi jika terlanjur dia udah tau keburukan sikap kamu ,Coba lakukan apa yang bisa buat dia yakin klo kamu sudah berubah.
3. Tutur Kata
Nah ini jg penting bangeds .Jika dah ketemuan.Kamu yang cowo ajak si dia ngobrol duluan .tapi kamu juga jaga kata** kamu.Jangan ampe kamu keluar kata** yang kasar dan nyakitin perasaan dia .Buat suasana ngobrol kamu nyaman bagi dia dengan tutur kata kamu.Jangan terlalu ikut campur urusan dia.lebih baik kamu sedikit beri sedikit cerita lucu atau humor.
4. Sifat
Tunjukin kalo kamu punya sifat yang dia idamkan.Bagi para cowo biasanya Cewe pengi cowo yang ''PENGERTIAN'' yang bisa ngertiin kondisi dia.Apa kamu udah termasuk cowo yang pengertian...?

APA CI CINTA...???

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Nah,artikel ini akan kita bahas apa ci sebenernya CINTA tu...? Buat kamu yang pada barungalamin yang nama nya cinta ,artikel ini cocok banged buat kamu yang ingin tau apa tu cinta bdan selengkapnya tentang cinta...
C = Cangkupan rasa suka
I = Indah rasa itu
N = Nampak dengan event yang berbeda
T = Tak pernah diduga datangnya
A = Asal cocok itulah Dia
Jadi cinta menurut gw merupakan cangkupan rasa yang berbeda setiap orang yang indah dan terjadi dari berbagai event tak pernah diduga datangnya.tapi asalkan cocok dengan hati dan pemikiran kita mungkin itu cinta yang kita cari.....Ini pendapat gw lho...silah kan klo yang mau pendapt kont aja...tapi jg ada yang berpendapat bahwa CINTA adalah Anugrah dari Tuhan untuk saling berhubungan dan berinteraksi.Gw setuju bangeds ama' pandapat tuh.Emangnya capa yang memberi kecocokan ,rasa kasih ,nikmat atau juga pasangan hidup kita ...? tidak lain itu karena cinta yang diberikan tuhan.Ngomong ** tentang pasangan ,APA SIH YANG MESTI DIPENTINGAKNAN..?
Kalo mau tahu .Buka donk artikel selanjutnya....!!! OK